NVIDIA's Rubin AI server runs 100% liquid cooling at 45°C

NVIDIA's new Rubin AI data center is the first to use 100% liquid cooling. Every chip and network part runs in a closed-loop liquid system with no fans. The coolant can reach 45°C, hotter than bath water.

Old data centers with fans make noise over 85 decibels, needing ear protection. Rubin uses a mix of 75% water and 25% propylene glycol. The coolant flows through heat sinks on processors, pulling heat away. The high temperature means in most climates, the system can release heat without noisy mechanical coolers.

Industry data shows that for every 1°C rise in coolant temperature, cooling energy costs drop about 4%. A 50-megawatt facility switching to liquid cooling could save over $4 million per year in cooling energy and water costs.